![]() ![]() Directionality analyses were then used to get insights into the monitoring systems involved in the processing of self-generated auditory information. Also, the tracking of words (2–4 Hz) and syllables (4–8 Hz) occurred at parietal opercula during reading aloud and at auditory cortices during listening. Specifically, auditory cortices tracked phrases (<1 Hz) but to a lesser extent than during the two speech listening conditions. During reading aloud, the reader’s brain tracked the slow temporal fluctuations of the speech output. Reading aloud was here used as a particular form of speech production that shares various processes with natural speech. To gain novel insights into underlying neural processes, we investigated the coupling between neuromagnetic activity and the temporal envelope of the heard speech sounds (i.e., cortical tracking of speech) in a group of adults who 1) read a text aloud, 2) listened to a recording of their own speech (i.e., playback), and 3) listened to another speech recording. Current theories of language production consider a feedback monitoring system that monitors the auditory consequences of speech output and an internal monitoring system, which makes predictions about the auditory consequences of speech before its production. How the human brain uses self-generated auditory information during speech production is rather unsettled.
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